You can see the full list of changes on Steam here. Don't do what Starbound developer Chucklefish do in the explanatory gif, and them into a pit of lava. There's New Collections interface, Novakid villages for those chummy Novakids to live in, and a Relocator tool that will let you move peaceful creatures out of way.
Rare fish, as in the real world, can offer rewards, including upgrades for your rod. To fish in one of Starbound's procedurally made lakes or rivers, you'll have to first craft a fishing rod, then plonk it into the water, in search of one of 48 unique kinds of fish. 1, as the name suggest, is the first content update since sandbox-crafting-space-etc-thingy released a couple of months ago, and if you're wondering what PC Gamer's Chris Livingston thought of it at the time, then wow, that's pretty specific wondering, but he reviewed it and liked it all same. Thou shalt have fishy, on little dishy, thou shalt have fishy when you load up Starbound and play around with its new fishing system, which has just been added in patch. Bug fixes, festive items and other tweaks round out the enormo-patch, and if you want nitty gritty you'll find full patch notes here.
Terraformers can be used to expand regions across the Planet's surface, replacing natural blocks, objects and plant life, and eventually changing the type of planet itself, while Microformers are consumable single-Use terraformers which provide even more region types to add to your worlds. Wait, what was that about terraforming? Well, after you've explored the aforementioned Vaults and defeated equally procedural vault guardians, you'll probably have acquired one or more of Ancient devices containing that will allow you to transform regions or whole Planets into entirely different biomes.
You can see one above, and while it's definitely not stargate, it totally is stargate, and that's pretty cool. To access crafting-sandbox Game's procedurally assembled dungeons, you first have to finish the main storyline, and then chat with a mysterious trader at Outpost, who will send you on a quest to activate Ancient Gateways found floating in some systems. Starbound has just received a whopping update that added Ancient Vaults, which, as you may have guess, are chock-full of Ancient Loot, Ancient Bosses, and Ancient Stuff You Can Use To Terraform Planets To Your Liking.